Allergy Awareness: Causes & Treatments

Spring is here and for more than 60-million Americans, the sniffing, sneezing and congestion of allergy season are back.

There are numerous triggers for allergies, including foods like nuts, eggs and milk; tree and flower pollen; mold spores; insect bites; dust; smoke; pet dander; latex and even perfume.

Symptoms of allergies include red eyes, itchy rashes, runny noses, shortness of breath, swelling and general malaise. In severe allergic reactions, anaphylaxis occurs, which can cause itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath and vomiting. If not treated by an epinephrine injection, death can occur.

So why does the body react to high pollen and mold count of spring and summer? Hay fever, the common term used for seasonal allergies, occurs when pollen, dust or mold spores enter the nose, causing the release of histamines, an inflammatory chemical. The immune system additional reactions include the runny nose and red eyes common for allergies.

There are several drugs and over-the counter medications available to fight allergies. These include:

• Antihistamines — The medicines, administered via a pill or nasal spray, counter the effects of the Antihistamines and are useful relieving other allergy symptoms.
• Topical Nasal Steroids — Topical nasal steroids are anti-inflammatory medicines that stop the allergic reaction and help reduce nasal swelling and secretions.
• Combination Antihistamine and Anti-Inflammatory Medicine: Often in nasal spray form,  medicines combine Antihistamines with other medicines designed to reduce swelling within nose and sinuses.
• Cromolyn Sodium — A nasal spray that helps prevent allergic reactions from starting. It can safely stop the release of histamines.
• Decongestants — Helps drains nasal passages and relieves congestion. However, should only be used for a couple days of relief

Being aware of your allergy triggers is the first step. If you aren`t sure of the cause, schedule a visit with a doctor who specializes in allergy testing. Be sure to consult with your physicians for the best treatment course.